Chemistry

Effective Nuclear Charge Calculator

Find effective nuclear charge from protons and shielding.

Parameters Live Compute
Calculated Output
Effective nuclear charge 2.2
Formula: Z_eff = Z − S
Step-by-Step Breakdown
1. Values used:
2. Atomic number (Z) = 11
3. Shielding (S) = 8.8
4.
5. Effective nuclear charge = Atomic number (Z) - Shielding (S) = 11 - 8.8 = 2.2
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Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge an electron actually feels.

The math behind it

Z_eff = atomic number − shielding constant (estimated via Slater's rules).

Worked Example

Sodium: 11 − 8.8 → 2.2.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why less than Z?

Inner electrons shield outer ones from the full nuclear charge.

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